Obtain IRC Mac opens doorways to a vibrant on-line neighborhood. Whether or not you are a seasoned gamer in search of to attach with fellow gamers or a scholar keen to interact in discussions, IRC offers a robust platform for communication. Dive right into a world of instantaneous messaging, interactive boards, and a wealthy historical past of on-line interplay. This information will stroll you thru the method of downloading, organising, and using IRC in your Mac, guaranteeing a easy and productive expertise.
From in style shoppers to important instructions, this complete useful resource particulars the intricacies of IRC on macOS. Be taught concerning the numerous platforms, safety concerns, and even different communication strategies. You may be empowered to navigate the digital panorama with confidence and ease.
Introduction to IRC on macOS
Web Relay Chat (IRC) is a robust, versatile communication instrument, and it is nonetheless surprisingly related within the digital age. Whereas newer platforms dominate instantaneous messaging, IRC retains a devoted consumer base and distinctive options that make it worthwhile for numerous functions. This information will discover IRC on macOS, its historical past, frequent makes use of, and out there shoppers.IRC, born within the early Nineteen Eighties, predates many fashionable communication strategies.
Its decentralized nature, counting on a community of servers, contributes to its resilience and ongoing use, particularly in area of interest communities and technical discussions. It offers a strong platform for real-time interactions, facilitating fast and direct exchanges.
Widespread Use Circumstances for IRC on a Mac
IRC presents a various vary of functions, making it a versatile communication instrument. It is ceaselessly used for discussions on particular subjects, providing specialised boards the place customers can share info and collaborate. These specialised channels cater to an unlimited array of pursuits, from technical help and gaming communities to area of interest hobbies and extra.
Totally different Methods IRC Can Be Used on macOS
IRC on macOS, like different platforms, leverages shopper functions to hook up with servers. Customers can have interaction in real-time conversations, share information, and take part in ongoing discussions inside devoted channels. This dynamic interplay fosters a way of neighborhood and shared pursuits.
IRC Purchasers for macOS
A number of IRC shoppers cater to macOS customers. These shoppers supply quite a lot of options, from fundamental chat performance to superior choices for managing a number of channels and connections.
- Purchasers like irssi, WeeChat, and mIRC supply a wealthy set of options, together with customizability, scripting, and help for numerous protocols. They supply a robust and versatile method to work together with IRC networks.
- Some shoppers supply extra functionalities like file transfers, or built-in instruments for looking inside channels and previous messages. These enhancements enhance consumer effectivity and comfort.
- Simplicity and ease of use are key options of many IRC shoppers. They permit customers to rapidly connect with servers and take part in conversations while not having in depth technical information.
Downloading IRC Purchasers for macOS
Connecting to the colourful world of IRC on macOS is simple with quite a lot of wonderful shoppers. Selecting the best one will depend on your wants and preferences, from easy chat to superior options. This part will information you thru the method of discovering and putting in these important instruments.
Fashionable IRC Purchasers for macOS
A plethora of IRC shoppers can be found for macOS, every with its personal strengths. Some in style choices embrace irssi, WeeChat, and others. Every has distinctive functionalities and caters to completely different consumer preferences.
Evaluating Key Options of IRC Purchasers
IRC shoppers range considerably of their options. Some supply superior scripting capabilities, whereas others prioritize ease of use. Elements like help for numerous IRC protocols, customization choices, and integration with different instruments contribute to the shopper’s enchantment.
- irssi: A extremely customizable and highly effective IRC shopper. Its in depth configuration choices enable customers to tailor the shopper to their particular wants, however this depth may be daunting for freshmen. This makes it a favourite amongst skilled customers who recognize the pliability.
- WeeChat: Recognized for its minimalist design and streamlined interface. WeeChat prioritizes a user-friendly expertise with out sacrificing important options. This shopper is a superb alternative for customers in search of a simple and environment friendly IRC expertise.
- KVIrc: This cross-platform shopper offers a robust and sturdy expertise. Its versatility spans numerous platforms, providing flexibility for customers on completely different working methods. It’s notable for its in depth performance and neighborhood help.
Set up Course of for macOS IRC Purchasers
The set up course of for every shopper differs barely, however typically follows a typical sample. Most shoppers are downloaded as .dmg information. After opening the file, observe the on-screen directions to finish the set up.
- Obtain: Find the shopper’s obtain web page on the official web site. Confirm the positioning’s legitimacy and safety earlier than downloading.
- Set up: Double-click the downloaded .dmg file and observe the installer’s directions. This often includes dragging the appliance icon to the Functions folder.
- Configuration: After set up, configure the shopper to hook up with your required IRC servers. This usually includes getting into the server tackle and port quantity.
Respected Sources for IRC Shopper Downloads
Discovering respected sources is essential to keep away from potential malware or corrupted information. Official web sites are the most secure possibility.
- Official Web sites: All the time obtain from the shopper’s official web site to make sure the most recent model and safety updates.
- Trusted Software program Repositories: Test for the shopper in official software program repositories like these offered by the working system’s distribution. These repositories typically present safe obtain hyperlinks.
Comparability Desk of IRC Purchasers
| Shopper Identify | Key Options | Obtain Technique | Person Score (Estimated) |
|---|---|---|---|
| irssi | Excessive customization, highly effective scripting | Official web site obtain | 4.5 out of 5 |
| WeeChat | Minimalist design, user-friendly interface | Official web site obtain | 4.2 out of 5 |
| KVIrc | Cross-platform, in depth performance | Official web site obtain | 4.3 out of 5 |
Establishing an IRC Account on macOS
Embarking in your IRC journey begins with a easy, but essential step: creating an account. This account acts as your digital passport, granting entry to vibrant on-line communities. Past the preliminary registration, understanding the nuances of community choice and channel becoming a member of is important for navigating the IRC panorama successfully.Creating an IRC account is simple. Most networks supply intuitive registration varieties, requiring fundamental info like a username, password, and electronic mail tackle.
This course of is much like creating accounts on different on-line platforms, guaranteeing a easy transition. Safety is paramount; select sturdy passwords and take into account enabling two-factor authentication for added safety.
Creating an IRC Account
IRC accounts are tied to a selected community. You do not want a separate account for every community, although some networks might need a separate registration course of for particular or premium options. Totally different networks have numerous necessities for usernames, emphasizing uniqueness to keep away from conflicts. The precise steps range barely relying on the chosen community, however typically contain filling out a kind and verifying your electronic mail tackle.
Becoming a member of an IRC Community
As soon as you’ve got created your account, you may want to decide on an IRC community. Many choices exist, every with its personal neighborhood and focus. Some networks cater to gaming, whereas others are devoted to particular pursuits. Your alternative ought to replicate your pursuits, guaranteeing a suitable setting in your participation.
Connecting to a Particular IRC Channel
After becoming a member of a community, discovering and connecting to the best channel is vital to partaking with the neighborhood. Channel names are sometimes descriptive, reflecting the subjects mentioned inside. Merely typing the channel title into your IRC shopper and becoming a member of will seamlessly combine you into the dialog.
Widespread IRC Community Platforms
A large number of IRC networks cater to numerous pursuits. These networks supply completely different options and quite a lot of communities. Take into account the community’s neighborhood pointers and focus when choosing the best platform.
Desk of IRC Networks and Options, Obtain irc mac
| Community | Widespread Options | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Libera | Open-source, numerous communities | Recognized for its huge and energetic communities, overlaying a broad spectrum of pursuits. |
| QuakeNet | Devoted to gaming, massive and energetic | A devoted community for the gaming neighborhood, offering devoted areas for dialogue and coordination. |
| Undernet | Sturdy infrastructure, massive international presence | A community with a powerful basis, providing a complete and established on-line setting. |
| DALnet | Huge-ranging communities, numerous pursuits | A well-established community internet hosting numerous communities throughout a number of topics. |
Connecting to IRC Servers from macOS
Embarking in your IRC journey begins with a connection. This significant step unlocks a world of conversations and communities. Studying how to hook up with completely different IRC servers is a crucial first step in navigating the digital social panorama. Totally different servers cater to varied pursuits, and understanding methods to choose the best one is vital to a rewarding expertise.Establishing a connection to an IRC server is like dialing a selected quantity on a classic telephone – every server has its distinctive tackle.
The method, although seemingly easy, opens doorways to partaking discussions and interactions with fellow fanatics. By understanding the strategies and addressing the required particulars, you may seamlessly join and take part within the on-line neighborhood.
Strategies of Connecting
Numerous strategies assist you to connect with IRC servers. Direct connection through an IRC shopper is the most typical method. This direct connection technique is simple and permits for a custom-made expertise. Alternatively, some shoppers present pre-configured server lists, easing the choice course of.
Widespread IRC Server Addresses
A plethora of IRC servers caters to numerous pursuits. Discovering the best server in your pursuits is like discovering a hidden gem. Some well-known IRC servers embrace:
- irc.oftc.web
- irc.undernet.org
- chat.freenode.web
- irc.rizon.web
Figuring out a Appropriate Server
Selecting the suitable IRC server will depend on your pursuits. Servers typically concentrate on particular subjects or communities. For instance, a server devoted to gaming discussions can have a unique ambiance than one targeted on expertise. Researching server descriptions and looking neighborhood channels may also help establish a server aligned together with your preferences.
IRC Server Overview
Choosing the best server is essential for a satisfying IRC expertise. A well-structured desk can supply a concise overview of varied IRC servers, their options, and connection protocols:
| Server Identify | Options | Connection Protocol |
|---|---|---|
| irc.oftc.web | Normal-purpose server, good for numerous discussions. | IRC |
| irc.undernet.org | Giant, energetic server with quite a few channels. | IRC |
| chat.freenode.web | Fashionable server for a lot of communities, particularly for programmers and builders. | IRC |
| irc.rizon.web | Focuses on gaming communities. | IRC |
Utilizing IRC Instruments on macOS: Obtain Irc Mac
Unlocking the ability of IRC on macOS includes mastering a spread of instruments, every designed for particular duties. From fundamental chatting to intricate server administration, these instruments are your gateway to seamless communication throughout the IRC community. Understanding their particular person capabilities is vital to navigating the colourful world of IRC channels successfully.
Important IRC Instruments
Numerous instruments cater to completely different wants throughout the IRC ecosystem. Selecting the best instrument for the job is essential for optimum communication and effectivity. This part particulars important IRC instruments and their particular roles.
- Purchasers for Chatting: These instruments are the first interface for interacting with IRC channels. They assist you to ship messages, obtain replies, and take part in discussions. Examples embrace irssi, WeeChat, and mIRC. Every shopper has its personal set of options, so exploring choices to search out the one that most closely fits your preferences is advisable.
- Moderation Instruments: These instruments empower moderators to manage channel exercise. Options like banning customers, kicking people, and setting channel subject/modes are important for sustaining a productive and respectful setting. Inside these shoppers, particular instructions enable for efficient channel moderation, guaranteeing an orderly and interesting expertise for all contributors.
- Server Administration Instruments: These specialised instruments are sometimes utilized by IRC community directors. These shoppers supply the power to handle IRC servers, together with including and eradicating channels, adjusting server settings, and monitoring server efficiency. A deep understanding of server administration is required to make the most of these instruments successfully.
Efficient Communication inside IRC Channels
Efficient communication inside IRC channels includes a mix of clear communication and adherence to channel pointers.
- Channel Etiquette: Respecting channel guidelines and pointers is essential for sustaining a optimistic and productive setting. This contains avoiding spam, being aware of language, and respecting different contributors.
- Utilizing Instructions: Studying and using related instructions can considerably improve your communication expertise. Familiarize your self with instructions for becoming a member of and leaving channels, sending non-public messages, and different interactive capabilities.
- Formatting Textual content: Formatting choices, out there in most shoppers, assist to make messages extra readable and arranged. This enhances readability and comprehension for everybody concerned within the dialog.
Sensible Examples of IRC Instruments
Actual-world eventualities spotlight the utility of IRC instruments.
| Operate | Device | Instance |
|---|---|---|
| Chatting | irssi | Taking part in a dialogue a couple of technical drawback on a devoted channel. |
| Moderation | mIRC | Stopping spam and guaranteeing respectful discourse in a gaming neighborhood channel. |
| Server Administration | ircd-s-ng | Sustaining the soundness and safety of an IRC server by monitoring and addressing points in real-time. |
Utilizing IRC instruments successfully requires a mix of understanding their options and adhering to the rules of efficient communication.
Troubleshooting IRC Connections on macOS
Navigating the digital panorama of IRC can generally really feel like charting a course by way of a digital fog. Surprising disconnections and irritating connection errors can rapidly dampen the keenness for this vibrant on-line neighborhood. This part offers a roadmap that can assist you troubleshoot and overcome these challenges, guaranteeing a smoother and extra pleasant IRC expertise in your macOS machine.
Widespread Connection Points
Connection issues in IRC, like several community challenge, can stem from numerous sources. These would possibly embrace issues together with your community configuration, the IRC server itself, and even software program conflicts in your macOS system. Understanding the potential causes is step one in the direction of efficient troubleshooting.
Community Connectivity Troubleshooting
Earlier than diving into IRC-specific issues, guarantee your macOS machine has a secure web connection. Test your community standing in System Preferences. If the connection is unstable or intermittent, tackle community points first. This typically includes verifying your web service supplier’s standing, checking for community {hardware} issues, or adjusting your router settings.
Diagnosing and Fixing Server-Associated Issues
Typically, the problem lies not together with your native setup however with the IRC server itself. IRC servers can expertise outages, upkeep intervals, or non permanent congestion. Test the server’s standing web page (if out there) to confirm its operational standing. If the server is down, take into account attempting another server or checking again later.
Troubleshooting IRC Shopper Software program
Points with the IRC shopper software program itself are one other potential supply of connection issues. Make sure the shopper is up-to-date with the most recent model. Outdated software program can generally introduce compatibility issues with the IRC protocol. In case you’re utilizing a third-party shopper, seek the advice of its documentation for particular troubleshooting recommendation.
Widespread IRC Connection Errors and Options
| Error | Attainable Trigger | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| Connection refused | Incorrect server tackle or port, server is down, firewall blocking connection | Confirm server tackle and port, examine server standing, alter firewall settings |
| Unable to attach | Community points, incorrect username or password, shopper software program error | Confirm community connectivity, re-enter credentials, replace or reinstall shopper |
| Connection timed out | Sluggish community connection, server overload, community congestion | Optimize community settings, attempt connecting throughout much less busy instances, confirm community connection |
| Incorrect password | Typos in password, case sensitivity points | Double-check password entry, guarantee right capitalization |
| Server unavailable | Server is down or experiencing upkeep | Test server standing, attempt connecting later |
Safety Issues for IRC on macOS
Defending your on-line interactions is essential, particularly when utilizing public boards like IRC. Realizing the potential dangers and taking proactive measures is important for a protected and pleasant expertise. A powerful understanding of safety protocols and practices will considerably improve your on-line security and confidence.Defending your self within the digital world is a steady course of. IRC, whereas a robust communication instrument, is not proof against threats.
Understanding potential vulnerabilities and adopting sturdy safety measures are paramount to sustaining a safe and reliable expertise. This part focuses on very important safety concerns for a easy and protected IRC expertise in your macOS system.
Assessing IRC Safety Dangers
IRC, regardless of its recognition, isn’t inherently safe. Unsecured channels can expose customers to varied dangers, from eavesdropping to malicious assaults. Malicious actors would possibly attempt to achieve unauthorized entry to your account or unfold dangerous content material. Customers have to be vigilant and undertake safe practices.
Significance of Robust Passwords
Sturdy passwords are the primary line of protection in opposition to unauthorized entry. Use a mix of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols. Keep away from simply guessable phrases or private info. A singular password for every account is important to forestall compromise.
Securing IRC Connections
Utilizing safe connections is important for shielding your privateness and information. Search for connections utilizing encryption protocols, like TLS/SSL, to encrypt communications. This prevents others from intercepting your messages.
Defending Private Information
Be aware of the data you share on IRC channels. Chorus from disclosing delicate particulars, similar to your actual title, location, or monetary info. Keep away from sharing passwords or account particulars with strangers. Respect privateness and keep away from spreading misinformation.
Mitigating Potential Threats
Usually replace your IRC shopper and working system to patch safety vulnerabilities. Be cautious of suspicious messages or hyperlinks. Keep away from clicking on unknown or doubtlessly dangerous hyperlinks or downloading information from untrusted sources. In case you encounter suspicious exercise, report it to the channel directors or IRC community workers.
Safety Greatest Practices for IRC Utilization
| Safety Apply | Clarification |
|---|---|
| Robust Passwords | Use advanced, distinctive passwords for all IRC accounts. |
| Safe Connections | Confirm using encryption (TLS/SSL) for safe communication. |
| Privateness Consciousness | Keep away from revealing private info in public channels. |
| Common Updates | Preserve your IRC shopper and working system up to date. |
| Suspicious Exercise Reporting | Report any suspicious exercise or messages to the suitable authorities. |
| Keep away from Unknown Sources | Chorus from downloading information or clicking hyperlinks from unknown or untrusted sources. |
Different Communication Strategies on macOS
Past the colourful world of IRC, a plethora of different communication avenues await in your macOS machine. These alternate options supply distinct strengths, catering to completely different wants and preferences. From instantaneous messaging to video conferencing, the panorama of digital interplay is surprisingly numerous. Exploring these choices can improve your on-line expertise and unlock new methods to attach.Exploring different communication strategies permits customers to adapt their communication methods to swimsuit their particular necessities.
Whether or not it is prioritizing velocity, safety, or a richer multimedia expertise, the various choices present a satisfying array of selections. Selecting the best platform relies upon closely on the consumer’s particular wants and desired functionalities.
Different Communication Platforms
Numerous platforms supply compelling alternate options to IRC, every with its personal distinctive strengths and weaknesses. Understanding these variations empowers customers to pick one of the best match for his or her communication wants. From easy text-based messaging to feature-rich video conferencing, the choices are diverse.
- Immediate Messaging (IM) Purchasers: IM shoppers like WhatsApp, Sign, Telegram, and Skype supply a well-recognized and simple technique of exchanging messages. These platforms usually prioritize velocity and ease, making them perfect for fast interactions and informal conversations. Their energy lies within the ease of use and broad consumer base, facilitating seamless communication with contacts. Nevertheless, they won’t present the identical degree of management and customization present in IRC.
- Video Conferencing Software program: Zoom, Google Meet, and FaceTime present a extra immersive communication expertise by way of video calls. These platforms are wonderful for workforce conferences, distant collaborations, and real-time interactions. They provide options similar to display sharing and breakout rooms, enhancing productiveness and engagement. Nevertheless, video calls may be resource-intensive, requiring a secure web connection and appropriate {hardware}.
- Devoted Communication Apps: Specialised functions for communication, similar to Slack and Discord, supply a structured and arranged setting. Slack is well-suited for skilled groups, facilitating undertaking administration and inside communication. Discord is designed for gaming communities, offering devoted channels for particular actions and interactions. These apps excel at offering structured communication channels and tailor-made options, though they won’t be as adaptable as general-purpose messaging apps.
- E-mail: E-mail stays a stalwart communication technique, notably for formal communications and detailed exchanges. Whereas not as instantaneous as IM or video conferencing, electronic mail permits for a report of the dialog, making it perfect for preserving vital info. Its energy lies in its established infrastructure and widespread adoption, guaranteeing messages attain the supposed recipient. E-mail’s major disadvantage is its slower response time in comparison with different alternate options.
Comparability of Options and Advantages
The next desk presents a comparative overview of IRC and different communication strategies, highlighting their respective options and advantages.
| Function | IRC | IM | Video Conferencing | Devoted Apps | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actual-time Communication | Excessive | Excessive | Excessive | Excessive (relying on app) | Low |
| Textual content-based Interplay | Excessive | Excessive | Restricted | Excessive | Excessive |
| Customization | Excessive | Average | Average | Excessive | Low |
| Multimedia Help | Restricted | Restricted | Excessive | Variable | Restricted |
| Safety | Variable (will depend on server) | Variable (will depend on app) | Variable (will depend on app) | Variable (will depend on app) | Average |
This desk offers a fast reference for understanding the strengths and weaknesses of every communication technique. The selection of technique hinges on the precise wants and desired performance of the consumer.
Superior IRC Options on macOS
IRC, whereas a foundational communication instrument, presents a surprisingly wealthy set of superior options that reach past fundamental chat. These options can dramatically improve your interactions, enabling extra advanced communication and management throughout the IRC community. This part explores the highly effective instruments out there on macOS, empowering you to navigate the digital panorama of IRC with better effectivity and class.Superior options in IRC shoppers on macOS typically mirror these discovered in additional refined communication platforms.
They cater to the wants of energetic customers, enabling them to handle conversations, channels, and connections with better ease and suppleness. Understanding these options can remodel your IRC expertise from easy chatting to a extra dynamic and interesting interplay.
Superior Channel Administration
IRC channels are extra than simply chat rooms; they’re dynamic hubs of communication. Superior options enable for refined management over channel exercise. This contains the power to set numerous modes for the channel, similar to limiting entry, enabling subject adjustments, or controlling who can ship messages. Efficient channel administration ensures a productive and targeted setting.
- Channel Modes: Modifying channel settings (e.g., +i for invite-only, +s for secret channel) permits for tailoring the channel setting to particular wants. This would possibly contain creating a non-public area for delicate discussions or limiting entry to particular members.
- Matter Administration: Setting and updating channel subjects offers a concise overview of the channel’s present focus. Clear and informative subjects enhance consumer engagement and understanding of the continuing dialogue.
Person-Particular Options
Past channel administration, quite a few options cater to particular person consumer preferences. These options empower customers to boost their expertise.
- NickServ and Person Administration: Customers can work together with the IRC community’s server by way of NickServ, a service for managing consumer identities, entry, and different parameters. This permits customers to register their nicknames and handle related info. This can be utilized for making a extra structured and safe setting.
- Away Messages: Customers can talk their present standing to different members within the community. These messages are notably helpful when a consumer is unavailable or quickly stepping away from the channel, guaranteeing others perceive their standing.
Customization and Extensibility
IRC shoppers on macOS supply a level of customization, empowering customers to tailor the appliance to their distinctive preferences.
- Shopper Configuration: IRC shoppers enable for configuration of varied features, from colour schemes and fonts to message formatting. This personalization permits customers to create a extra intuitive and visually interesting interface.
- Plugin and Extension Help: Many IRC shoppers help plugins and extensions that add extra functionalities. These extensions can vary from superior filtering capabilities to integrations with different providers, increasing the core performance of the IRC shopper.
Superior Function Abstract
| Function | Performance |
|---|---|
| Channel Modes | Management entry, subject adjustments, and different features of channel exercise. |
| Matter Administration | Set and replace channel subjects to replicate the present focus of dialogue. |
| NickServ/Person Administration | Handle consumer identities, entry, and related info on the IRC community. |
| Away Messages | Talk standing updates (e.g., away) to different members of the community. |
| Shopper Configuration | Customise visible features, message formatting, and different shopper settings. |
| Plugin/Extension Help | Increase shopper performance with third-party additions for superior filtering, integrations, and extra. |
Instance IRC Session on macOS
Embark on a digital journey by way of a typical IRC session on macOS. Think about a vigorous chatroom buzzing with exercise, the place customers alternate info, share concepts, and join on a typical platform. This simulated session will illustrate the ebb and circulation of communication, using instructions, and the general expertise of interacting inside an IRC channel.
A Simulated IRC Session
This simulated IRC session showcases a typical interplay inside a channel devoted to discussing macOS software program growth. The contributors are seasoned builders and fanatics, and the dialog ranges from sensible recommendation to insightful discussions about new applied sciences.
Channel: #macosdev User1: Hey everybody, simply completed a cool new characteristic for my app. Any suggestions? User2: Wow, that sounds fascinating! What's it do? User3: I am curious concerning the efficiency enhancements you've got applied. User1: It is a new picture loading system.It is utilizing CoreGraphics and it is a important enchancment in velocity. Take a look at the commit on GitHub. User4: Glorious! I am all the time in search of methods to hurry up my app's picture dealing with. User2: What about reminiscence consumption? User1: I've optimized it to attenuate reminiscence utilization whereas sustaining velocity.
I am going to submit a benchmark comparability later. User3: Nice work! Are you able to elaborate on the method you took to optimize the CoreGraphics calls? User1: Positive! I used a caching mechanism and a few intelligent pre-processing strategies. I am going to doc all of it within the README. User4: Incredible! Let me know in case you want any testing help.
User2: This seems like a worthwhile contribution to the neighborhood. User1: Thanks! I am glad to share my findings.
This alternate exemplifies the interactive nature of IRC. Customers make the most of numerous messages to provoke conversations, share info, and supply constructive suggestions. The inclusion of a GitHub hyperlink demonstrates how customers can readily entry extra particulars associated to the dialogue.
